Times Tables 10 to 20 Made Easy | Expresswala Academy

You already know the tables up to nine. Now picture a shop with boxes of 12 eggs, packets of 15 biscuits and trays of 18 laddoos. To count five boxes or seven packets quickly, you need the tables from ten to twenty. The good news is that you can build each one from things you already know: adding, tens, and the small tables.

Split the number into a ten and the rest

A two-digit number splits into tens and units, as in $13 = 10 + 3$ . Its table splits the same way. Look at thirteen, five times over:

$\begin{aligned}&13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 \\ &= (10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10) + (3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3) \\ &= 50 + 15 \\ &= 65\end{aligned}$

Five tens are fifty, and five threes are fifteen, which you know from the three times table. So the only hard part of the thirteen times table is a table you have already learned.

Remember. Split the two-digit number. Ten of anything is easy, and the units are a small table you already know.

See it as rows of counters

Put out five rows of counters with 13 counters in each row. That is $13 \times 5$ . Colour the first ten counters of every row blue and the last three orange.

An array of 5 rows of 13 squares, split into a blue block of 10 columns and an orange block of 3 columns, labelled 10 times 5 equals 50 and 3 times 5 equals 15, total 65 — $13 \times 5$ : the blue part is $10 \times 5 = 50$ , the orange part is $3 \times 5 = 15$ , and together they make $65$ .

Five rows of ten blue counters is fifty. Five rows of three orange counters is fifteen. Together they make sixty-five, and you did not have to count all sixty-five one by one.

The ten times table

Times fact	Adding it up
$10 \times 1 = 10$	$10 = 10$
$10 \times 2 = 20$	$10 + 10 = 20$
$10 \times 3 = 30$	$10 + 10 + 10 = 30$
$10 \times 4 = 40$	$10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 40$
$10 \times 5 = 50$	5 lots: $10 + 10 + \cdots + 10 = 50$
$10 \times 6 = 60$	6 lots: $10 + 10 + \cdots + 10 = 60$
$10 \times 7 = 70$	7 lots: $10 + 10 + \cdots + 10 = 70$
$10 \times 8 = 80$	8 lots: $10 + 10 + \cdots + 10 = 80$
$10 \times 9 = 90$	9 lots: $10 + 10 + \cdots + 10 = 90$
$10 \times 10 = 100$	10 lots: $10 + 10 + \cdots + 10 = 100$

The eleven times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$11 \times 1 = 11$	$10 + 1 = 11$
$11 \times 2 = 22$	$20 + 2 = 22$
$11 \times 3 = 33$	$30 + 3 = 33$
$11 \times 4 = 44$	$40 + 4 = 44$
$11 \times 5 = 55$	$50 + 5 = 55$
$11 \times 6 = 66$	$60 + 6 = 66$
$11 \times 7 = 77$	$70 + 7 = 77$
$11 \times 8 = 88$	$80 + 8 = 88$
$11 \times 9 = 99$	$90 + 9 = 99$
$11 \times 10 = 110$	$100 + 10 = 110$

Look down the answers of the eleven times table up to $11 \times 9$ . The tens digit and the units digit are always the same: 22, 33, 44 and so on. That pattern is a quick check.

From the twelve times table onwards, the units part can grow past ten. Look at $12 \times 6$ . The units part is $2 \times 6 = 12$ , which is more than ten. So you add $60 + 12$ , and the answer is 72. Each table below shows that step in its second column.

The twelve times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$12 \times 1 = 12$	$10 + 2 = 12$
$12 \times 2 = 24$	$20 + 4 = 24$
$12 \times 3 = 36$	$30 + 6 = 36$
$12 \times 4 = 48$	$40 + 8 = 48$
$12 \times 5 = 60$	$50 + 10 = 60$
$12 \times 6 = 72$	$60 + 12 = 72$
$12 \times 7 = 84$	$70 + 14 = 84$
$12 \times 8 = 96$	$80 + 16 = 96$
$12 \times 9 = 108$	$90 + 18 = 108$
$12 \times 10 = 120$	$100 + 20 = 120$

The thirteen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$13 \times 1 = 13$	$10 + 3 = 13$
$13 \times 2 = 26$	$20 + 6 = 26$
$13 \times 3 = 39$	$30 + 9 = 39$
$13 \times 4 = 52$	$40 + 12 = 52$
$13 \times 5 = 65$	$50 + 15 = 65$
$13 \times 6 = 78$	$60 + 18 = 78$
$13 \times 7 = 91$	$70 + 21 = 91$
$13 \times 8 = 104$	$80 + 24 = 104$
$13 \times 9 = 117$	$90 + 27 = 117$
$13 \times 10 = 130$	$100 + 30 = 130$

The fourteen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$14 \times 1 = 14$	$10 + 4 = 14$
$14 \times 2 = 28$	$20 + 8 = 28$
$14 \times 3 = 42$	$30 + 12 = 42$
$14 \times 4 = 56$	$40 + 16 = 56$
$14 \times 5 = 70$	$50 + 20 = 70$
$14 \times 6 = 84$	$60 + 24 = 84$
$14 \times 7 = 98$	$70 + 28 = 98$
$14 \times 8 = 112$	$80 + 32 = 112$
$14 \times 9 = 126$	$90 + 36 = 126$
$14 \times 10 = 140$	$100 + 40 = 140$

The fifteen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$15 \times 1 = 15$	$10 + 5 = 15$
$15 \times 2 = 30$	$20 + 10 = 30$
$15 \times 3 = 45$	$30 + 15 = 45$
$15 \times 4 = 60$	$40 + 20 = 60$
$15 \times 5 = 75$	$50 + 25 = 75$
$15 \times 6 = 90$	$60 + 30 = 90$
$15 \times 7 = 105$	$70 + 35 = 105$
$15 \times 8 = 120$	$80 + 40 = 120$
$15 \times 9 = 135$	$90 + 45 = 135$
$15 \times 10 = 150$	$100 + 50 = 150$

The sixteen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$16 \times 1 = 16$	$10 + 6 = 16$
$16 \times 2 = 32$	$20 + 12 = 32$
$16 \times 3 = 48$	$30 + 18 = 48$
$16 \times 4 = 64$	$40 + 24 = 64$
$16 \times 5 = 80$	$50 + 30 = 80$
$16 \times 6 = 96$	$60 + 36 = 96$
$16 \times 7 = 112$	$70 + 42 = 112$
$16 \times 8 = 128$	$80 + 48 = 128$
$16 \times 9 = 144$	$90 + 54 = 144$
$16 \times 10 = 160$	$100 + 60 = 160$

The seventeen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$17 \times 1 = 17$	$10 + 7 = 17$
$17 \times 2 = 34$	$20 + 14 = 34$
$17 \times 3 = 51$	$30 + 21 = 51$
$17 \times 4 = 68$	$40 + 28 = 68$
$17 \times 5 = 85$	$50 + 35 = 85$
$17 \times 6 = 102$	$60 + 42 = 102$
$17 \times 7 = 119$	$70 + 49 = 119$
$17 \times 8 = 136$	$80 + 56 = 136$
$17 \times 9 = 153$	$90 + 63 = 153$
$17 \times 10 = 170$	$100 + 70 = 170$

Here is the seventeen times table drawn as a rectangle. The long side is 17, split into 10 and 7. The short side is 4.

A rectangle 17 squares long and 4 squares high, split into a blue part 10 by 4 labelled 40 and a green part 7 by 4 labelled 28, showing 17 times 4 equals 68 — $17 \times 4 = 40 + 28 = 68$ . The seven times table does the hard part.

Example 1

Work out $17 \times 8$ .

$\begin{aligned}17 \times 8 &= (10 \times 8) + (7 \times 8) \\ &= 80 + 56 \\ &= 136\end{aligned}$

Eight tens are eighty. Eight sevens are fifty-six. Eighty and fifty-six make one hundred and thirty-six.

The eighteen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$18 \times 1 = 18$	$10 + 8 = 18$
$18 \times 2 = 36$	$20 + 16 = 36$
$18 \times 3 = 54$	$30 + 24 = 54$
$18 \times 4 = 72$	$40 + 32 = 72$
$18 \times 5 = 90$	$50 + 40 = 90$
$18 \times 6 = 108$	$60 + 48 = 108$
$18 \times 7 = 126$	$70 + 56 = 126$
$18 \times 8 = 144$	$80 + 64 = 144$
$18 \times 9 = 162$	$90 + 72 = 162$
$18 \times 10 = 180$	$100 + 80 = 180$

The nineteen times table

Times fact	Tens and units
$19 \times 1 = 19$	$10 + 9 = 19$
$19 \times 2 = 38$	$20 + 18 = 38$
$19 \times 3 = 57$	$30 + 27 = 57$
$19 \times 4 = 76$	$40 + 36 = 76$
$19 \times 5 = 95$	$50 + 45 = 95$
$19 \times 6 = 114$	$60 + 54 = 114$
$19 \times 7 = 133$	$70 + 63 = 133$
$19 \times 8 = 152$	$80 + 72 = 152$
$19 \times 9 = 171$	$90 + 81 = 171$
$19 \times 10 = 190$	$100 + 90 = 190$

The twenty times table

Times fact	Adding it up
$20 \times 1 = 20$	$20 = 20$
$20 \times 2 = 40$	$20 + 20 = 40$
$20 \times 3 = 60$	$20 + 20 + 20 = 60$
$20 \times 4 = 80$	$20 + 20 + 20 + 20 = 80$
$20 \times 5 = 100$	5 lots: $20 + 20 + \cdots + 20 = 100$
$20 \times 6 = 120$	6 lots: $20 + 20 + \cdots + 20 = 120$
$20 \times 7 = 140$	7 lots: $20 + 20 + \cdots + 20 = 140$
$20 \times 8 = 160$	8 lots: $20 + 20 + \cdots + 20 = 160$
$20 \times 9 = 180$	9 lots: $20 + 20 + \cdots + 20 = 180$
$20 \times 10 = 200$	10 lots: $20 + 20 + \cdots + 20 = 200$

Twenty is two tens, so its table is the two times table with a zero on the end.

More ways to work a fact out

Example 2: split and add

Work out $14 \times 6$ .

$\begin{aligned}14 \times 6 &= (10 \times 6) + (4 \times 6) \\ &= 60 + 24 \\ &= 84\end{aligned}$

Example 3: go up to twenty, then come back

Nineteen is one less than twenty. So nineteen lots of anything is twenty lots, take away one lot.

$\begin{aligned}19 \times 7 &= (20 \times 7) - 7 \\ &= 140 - 7 \\ &= 133\end{aligned}$

This matches $19 \times 7 = 133$ in the table. Two different roads, one answer: that is a good sign your answer is right.

Example 4: double a table you know

Sixteen is double eight. So sixteen lots of four is double eight lots of four.

$\begin{aligned}16 \times 4 &= 2 \times (8 \times 4) \\ &= 2 \times 32 \\ &= 64\end{aligned}$

Patterns to notice

Every answer in the ten and twenty tables ends in 0.
Every answer in the fifteen table ends in 5 or 0.
Answers in the twelve, fourteen, sixteen and eighteen tables are always even.
Each answer in a table is the one above it plus the table number. In the thirteen table, $39 + 13 = 52$ .

How to practise

Take one table a day. First say it aloud while reading it. Then cover the answers and say it again, splitting each fact into its ten part and its small part. Last of all, ask someone at home to call out facts in a mixed-up order.

Common mistakes

Forgetting to add the ten part. $13 \times 5$ is not 15. The fifty from the tens must be added.
Joining the parts side by side. In $16 \times 7$ the parts are 70 and 42, so the answer is 112, not 7042.
Taking away the wrong amount in the go-up-to-twenty way. $19 \times 7$ is $140 - 7$ , not $140 - 1$ .

Key terms

Times table: a list of a number multiplied by 1, 2, 3 and on up to 10.
Split: break a number into easy parts, such as $17 = 10 + 7$ .
Array: objects set out in equal rows, used to picture a multiplication.

Practice

$11 \times 8$
$12 \times 4$
$13 \times 6$
$14 \times 3$
$15 \times 7$
$16 \times 5$
$17 \times 4$
$18 \times 6$
$19 \times 3$
$20 \times 6$
A box holds 12 eggs. How many eggs are in 9 boxes?
A packet has 15 biscuits. How many biscuits are in 8 packets?

Answers

Show answers

$11 \times 8 = 80 + 8 = 88$
$12 \times 4 = 40 + 8 = 48$
$13 \times 6 = 60 + 18 = 78$
$14 \times 3 = 30 + 12 = 42$
$15 \times 7 = 70 + 35 = 105$
$16 \times 5 = 50 + 30 = 80$
$17 \times 4 = 40 + 28 = 68$
$18 \times 6 = 60 + 48 = 108$
$19 \times 3 = 30 + 27 = 57$
$20 \times 6 = 120$
$12 \times 9 = 90 + 18 = 108$ . There are 108 eggs.
$15 \times 8 = 80 + 40 = 120$ . There are 120 biscuits.

Menu

The tables from ten to twenty

Split the num­ber into a ten and the rest#

See it as rows of coun­ters#

The ten times table#

The eleven times table#

The twelve times table#

The thir­teen times table#

The four­teen times table#

The fif­teen times table#

The six­teen times table#

The sev­en­teen times table#

Exam­ple 1#

The eigh­teen times table#

The nine­teen times table#

The twenty times table#

More ways to work a fact out#

Exam­ple 2: split and add#

Exam­ple 3: go up to twenty, then come back#

Exam­ple 4: dou­ble a table you know#

Pat­terns to notice#

How to prac­tise#

Com­mon mis­takes#

Key terms#

Prac­tice#

Answers#